La nouvelle Clio

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `victory, upper hand', in a battle, in a contest, before court etc. (Il.), personif. Νίκη `the Goddess of Victory' (Hes.).

Other forms: Dor. νίκα.

Compounds: Compp., e.g. νικη-φόρος (Dor. -ᾱ-) `carry away victory' (Pi., A.), νικό-βουλος `who wins in the council' (Ar. Eq. 615; hidden PN, connected with νικάω), φιλό-νικος `loving victory, emulating, pugnaceous' with - ία, - έω (Pi., Democr., Att.), often written with - ει- and associated with νεῖκος; Όλυμπιο-νίκης, Dor. - ας m. `Olympia-victor' (Pi., IA.; on the stemformation Schwyzer 451); many PN, e.g. Νικό-δημος, Ίππό-νικος.

Derivatives: 1. From Νίκη: νικάς, - άδος f., νικ-άδιον, - ίδιον `(small) Nike-statue' (inscr.); 2. Adj. νικαῖος `belonging to victory' (Call., J.), νικάεις `rich in victory\/ies' (AP); to νικη-τήριος, - τικός below. -- Besides, prob. as denomin., νικάω, Ion. νικέω, Aeol. νίκημι, aor. νικῆσαι, pass. νικ-ηθῆναι, fut. - ήσω (all Il.), perf. νενίκηκα (Att.), rarely with prefixes, e.g. ἐκ-, κατα-, προ-, `vanquish, overcome, conquer'; on the ep. use of νίκη, νικάω Trümpy Fachausdrücke 192 ff. From νικάω: 1. νικάτωρ, - ορος m. `victor', surn. of the kings Seleukos and Demetrios of Syria (hell. inscr.) with νικατόρειον `tomb of Νικάτωρ' (App.), also PN with the patron. Νικατορίδας (Rhodos; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 163 A. 1), νικήτωρ `id.' (D. C.). -- 2. νικατήρ, - ῆρος m. `victor' (Dreros III--II^a), νικητής m. `id.' (III--IV<sup>p</sup>). -- 3. νίκημα (Dor. -ᾱ-) n. `prize of victory, victory' (hell., Crete). -- 4. νίκαθρον n. `offer(ing) for victory' (Sparta), νίκαστρον n. `prize of victory' (Phot., H.); on the formation Chantraine Form. 373 und 333 f. --5. νικητήριος, n. - ον `belonging to victory, prize of v.' (Att.) and νικητικός `what helps for victory' (X., hell.), both also connected to νίκη.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: An innovation for νίκη is νῖκος n. (hell.), after κάτος (Fraenkel Glotta 4, 39ff., Wackernagel Unt. 81 f.). --Unclear νικάριον n. name of an eyesalve (Alex. Trall.); Anatolian? cf. Neumann Heth. u. luw. Sprachgut 100; cf. on νεκταρ. There is no convincing etymology. After Brugmann RhM 43, 403 a. Osthoff MU 4, 223 f. to Skt. nīca- `directed downwards', OCS nicь `directed forward, on the face', Latv. nīcām `down the stream' etc. Rejected by J. Schmidt Pluralbild. 395 n. 1 (S. 396), who prefers connecting Lith. ap-nìkti `attack'; νίκη would be cognate with νεῖκος (s.v. with further forms); IE nēik-, nī̆k-?. Pre-Greek origin Sittig La nouvelle Clio (Brusssels) 3 (1951), 33; not in Fur.

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Πιλᾶτος, ου, ὁ (also-άτος; on the form Πειλᾶτος, which is preferred by Tdf. and W-H., s. Tdf., Proleg. 84f; W-H., app. 155. On the use of the art. w. it W-S. §18, 6d) Pilate (Pontius P.), prefect (on the Lat. insc. var. restored, but here cited accord. to the text in Ehrenberg-Jones no. 369, TIBERIEVM [.. PON]TIVS PILATVS [.... PRAEF]ECTVS IVDA[EA]E, s. Schürer I 358 n. 22; JVardaman, JBL 81, ’62, 70f; Boffo, Iscrizioni no. 25 [lit.]; s. also Mason 142f on the nomenclature) of Judea 26–36 A.D. (s. PHedley, s. lit cited s.v. Φῆλιξ). He played the decisive role in Jesus’ trial and gave the order for his crucifixion. Mt 27:2ff; Mk 15:1ff; Lk 3:1; 13:1 (this is the only place in our lit. where a detail is given fr. his life outside the Passion Narrative. SJohnson, ATR 17, ’35, 91–95; JBlinzler, NovT 2, ’58, 24–49); 23:1ff; J 18:29ff; 19:1ff; Ac 3:13; 4:27; 13:28, 29 D; 1 Ti 6:13 (s. μαρτυρέω 1c); IMg 11; ITr 9:1; ISm 1:2; GPt 1:1; 2:3–5; 8:29, 31; 11:43, 45f, 49. (Cp. Just.; Mel., P. 92, 693.—Non-Christian sources, esp. Tacitus, Ann. 15, 44; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 299–305 based on a letter of Agrippa I; Jos., Bell. 2, 169–77, Ant. 18, 35; 55–64; 85–89; 177.)—Schürer I 383–87, 438–40; HPeter, Pontius Pilatus: NJklA 19, 1907, 1–40; KKastner, Jesus vor Pilatus 1912; MDibelius, ‘Herodes u. Pilatus’: ZNW 16, 1915, 113–26; BEaston, The Trial of Jesus: AJT 19, 1915, 430–52; RHusband, The Prosecution of Jesus 1916; FDoerr (attorney), Der Prozess Jesu in rechtsgesch. Beleuchtung 1920; GBertram, Die Leidensgesch. Jesu u. der Christuskult 1922, 62–72; GLippert (attorney), Pil. als Richter 1923; PRoué, Le procès de Jésus 1924; GRosadi, D. Prozess Jesu 1926, Il processo di Gesù¹⁴ ’33; GAicher, D. Proz. Jesu 1929; MRadin, The Trial of Jes. of Naz. ’31; SLiberty, The Importance of P. P. in Creed and Gosp.: JTS 45, ’44, 38–56; JBlinzler, D. Prozess Jesu⁴ ’69, Münchener Theol. Ztschr. 5, ’54, 171–84.—On Pilate’s wife: EFascher, TLZ 72, ’47, 201–4; AOepke, ibid. 73, ’48, 743–46.—S. also s.v. ἀποκτείνω 1a, and Feigel, Weidel and Finegan s.v. Ἰούδας 6.—EStauffer, Zur Münzprägung u. Judenpolitik des Pontius Pilatus: La Nouvelle Clio 9, ’50, 495–514; EBammell, Syrian Coinage and Pilate: JJS 2, ’51, 108–10.—Pauly-W. XX, 1322f; Kl. Pauly IV 1049; BHHW III 1472f. M-M. s.v. Πειλ. EDNT. TW.

Χριστιανός, οῦ, ὁ (formed like Ἡρῳδιανοί [q.v.] or Καισαριανοί Epict. 1, 19, 19; s. TMommsen, Her 34, 1899, 151f; Dssm., LO 323 [LAE 377]; Hahn 263, 9; B-D-F §5, 2. On the Pompeian ins CIL IV 679, the reading of which is quite uncertain, s. VSchultze, ZKG 5, 1881, 125ff. On the spelling Χρηστιανός Ac 11:26; 26:28; 1 Pt 4:16 [all v.l.]; AcPl Ha 9, 19 [cp. Just., A I, 4, 5]; s. FBlass, Her 30, 1895, 465ff; Harnack, SBBerlAk 1915, 762; B-D-F §24; Mlt-H. 72) one who is associated w. Christ, Christ-partisan, Christian (so also Lucian, Alex. 25; 38, M. Peregr. 11; 12; 13; 16; Tacitus, Ann. 15, 44; Suetonius, Nero 16; Pliny the Younger, Ep. 10, 96, 1; 2; 3 al., also in Trajan’s reply; ApcSed prol.; Ar., Just., Ath.; s. Hemer, Acts 177) Ac 11:26; 26:28; 1 Pt 4:16 (JKnox, JBL 72, ’53, 187–89); IEph 11:2; IMg 4; IRo 3:2; IPol 7:3; MPol 3; 10:1; 12:1, 2; D 12:4; PtK 2 p. 15, 8; τῶν Χρ. Dg 1:1. Without the art. 2:6, 10; 4:6; 5:1; 6:1–9. πολλοὺς Χρ. ActPl Ha 9, 19.—As an adj. χριστιανός, ή, όν: ἡ χριστιανὴ τροφή ITr 6:1.—For inscriptions s. esp. EGibson, The ‘Christians for Christians’ Inscriptions from Phrygia ’78; New Docs 128–39.—RLipsius, Über den Ursprung u. ältesten Gebr. des Christennamens, Prog. Jena 1873; Zahn, Einl. II³ 41ff; FKattenbusch, Das apostol. Symbol II 1900, 557ff; JDaniels, De Naam ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΟΙ: De Studiën 76, 1907, 568–80; JLeCoultre, De l’étymologie du mot ‘Chrétien’: RTP 40, 1907, 188–96; AGercke, Der Christenname ein Scheltname: Festschr. z. Jahrhundertfeier d. Univers. Breslau 1911, 360ff; Harnack, Mission I⁴ 1923, 424ff; EPeterson, Christianus: Miscellanea Giov. Mercati I ’46, 355–72; EBickerman, HTR 42, ’49, 109–24; JMoreau, La Nouvelle Clio 4, ’50, 190–92; HMattingly, JTS 9, ’58, 26–37 (cp. the term Augustiani); CSpicq, StTh 15, ’61, 68–78 (cp. the adj. Ciceronianus=of or belonging to Cicero: Sen., Con. 7, 2, 12).—DELG s.v. χρίω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.